1V1, double cleanliness, HE, and overflowing with gay affection. Come and dive into the pit through a refreshing melodramatic storyline! ... more>>

After Gu Jinling finished reading a dog-blood novel sent by a fan, he not only transmigrated but also found himself bound in a scum-abuse system: “If one does not abuse scums, then one must die.”

Here comes a wave of slogans: “We’re serious about abusing scums!” “Scum gongs don’t deserve true love!” “Face-slapping counter-attack!” “There’s another legitimate gong!” “Super sweet!” <<less

It is said that Garlan, believed to be the child of destiny, returned to his distant past life in order to break the curse that ensured his death upon reaching adulthood. He valiantly battled his arch-enemy, vied for the throne, and sought to save a kingdom on the brink of destruction. However, he was defeated by his arch-enemy four times. Upon being reborn once more, he felt incapable of defeating his nemesis and was determined to escape, yearning for a life of freedom and happiness.... more>>

Yet, in this lifetime, his former arch-enemy became a loyal follower. Pushed by the people around him, he unwittingly embarked on the treacherous and glorious path to the throne, filled with thorns and honor. A millennium later, the song of the "Wise King" still echoed throughout the land.

This story depicts the journey of a reborn youth who, with the support of numerous followers and the protection of his once-enemy-turned-loyal-ally, gradually transformed from a young prince into a wise and noble ruler.

The writing in this text is delicate, with an intriguing and captivating plot that maintains a sense of grandeur. It subtly carries the style of ancient European and Eurasian epic legends, with meticulous descriptions of scenes and emotions, creating vivid imagery. Through the words, one can experience the distinct charm of the fantasy Eurasian era.

Each character in the story possesses distinct traits, and the interactions between the protagonist and his ally are filled with sweetness and charm. <<less

If selected as a player in a horror game, it’s either clear the game or die.... more>>

Ruan Qing had it worse. He directly became a special player who played the role of an NPC in the horror game, essentially living in the opening credits.

What’s even more unfortunate for him is that his physique is extremely peculiar, attracting the attention of sadists and psychopaths no matter where he goes.

Game 1: [Horror Livestream Room] – A gloomy and delicate victim who can’t bear the slightest grievance – Completed.

Those who owe debts always have to repay them, and once you owe a debt, you will be selected by the horror livestream.

Ruan Qing was the first to be chosen: “…”

After Ruan Qing was chosen, various ways of his death flooded the invisible barrage in the livestream room.

However, when the camera focused on Ruan Qing’s face, the barrage froze, and the previously cruel and heartless comments instantly changed.

[I don’t think he deserves to die. Isn’t it just an insult? He didn’t lose any flesh. Why make a big deal out of it?]

[I agree, I don’t think he’s a bad person.]
Initially, everyone said, [Someone so malicious should just die!]

But later, everyone flocked to the Weibo accounts of the people Ruan Qing had insulted: [You can’t even afford grapes, but you dare to eat steak. Do you still have any humanity?]

People who were inexplicably insulted: “??? Are you crazy?”

If you discover a serial killer knocking on your door, about to break in within a few minutes, what would you do? If it were any other host, the audience would probably be excited and want to see various ways they would die.

But if it were Ruan Qing…

[Don’t open the door, Ruan Qing! Please don’t open the door! Run away quickly!!!]
Ruan Qing took out his phone and dialed the number of the neighbor across the hall (another serial killer), “Hello, your food delivery has arrived. Can you please open the door and pick it up?” <<less

“I can help you become anything you want. What is it that you desire the most?” he asked with a soft voice while sweeping the hair from her forehead.... more>>

“You really thought that I’d sincerely embrace someone as lowly as you?”

Embarrassed, she avoided his gaze and clenched her hands until they turned white.

“Even your thoughts are silly. You are well aware of my identity…”

“Yes, I know.”

“Then say it. Who am I?”

The hand that was playing with her hair traveled down past her chin and ended up around her throat. Testing the strength of his grip, he slowly started applying more pressure and forced her to look at him. Her breathing became painful as he lifted her up by the neck until her heels raised slightly from the floor.

“I also hold your sister’s fate in the palm of my hand.”

He could see it in her eyes, something inside her had broken.

Her eyes, which once resembled the starry night sky, no longer held any stars.

As he watched the light in her eyes fade away, he relaxed his hands.

She wouldn’t try to escape him anymore. He knew this instinctively.

This feeling, which was similar to being doused in warm water, is definitely what he’s been craving.

It wasn’t anything like lust.

Yes, it was definitely a craving.

After he acknowledged his feelings, he began to desire to possess her entire world.

“If I can’t have you, I’ll ruin you.” <<less

In the eternal winter of the Duke’s mansion, a cursed beast resides. The owner of the place and the male lead in the book, Duke Winternox. Carol became his night-guarding tutor.... more>>

Originally, she was destined to die entangled in his rampage. To survive, she should have avoided getting involved with him, but on the other hand, she also wanted to prevent his tragedy.

She only wanted to teach him that he was not the only one cursed, but what he learned from her was not just that.

“It’s hot and silent. I wonder what the teacher looks like?”

She read the longing contained in his fingers. And just like all the other female leads, Carol failed to train him.

“…You’ve got the wrong person.”

“Got it wrong?”

The breath digging into her earlobe was hot.

“Remembering the moment I touched the teacher’s cheek, I thought about it every night.”

The voice, soaked in heat and cracked, bound her.

“How could I be mistaken?” <<less

On the day I witnessed her husband's affair, I possessed the ex-wife of the male lead's possessed manic.... more>>

"Rebecca, I would have told you not to touch my body without permission."

I divorced him at once with one condition I stay in the mansion next door for the time being for the sake of my life. By the way...

" I regret the moment I divorced you. And my folly that I knew nothing about until your heart left me. Rebecca, I want to win your heart back."

"Your Highness, you said you would live next door for the time being, but you didn't ask me to regret it?"

"You've been struggling, because of me..."

With those quiet words, Rebecca let go of their clasped hands.

"...How about you, Cedric?"

At that moment, instead of my departure, all I had to do was stay with Cedric...

***

There was only an unexpected sense of emptiness.

'Rebecca is gone. And with another man.'

The image of man and woman holding each other in their arms kept disturbing my mind. Soon, a thick tendon bulged above the back of my clenched hand.

'Rebecca, you can't leave me yet.'

Even if she did, it would be this way now. At least for the time she promises to stay in this castle. I had to give myself the slightest chance to catch her.

"Answer me, really, did you try to run away with another man? You did it to punish me because you can put up with it." <<less

Wang Dian passed through. He wore a suit and held a bottle of red wine in his hand. On the left was a group of ferocious generals with swords in their hands, and on the right were civil servants with long robes and wide sleeves.... more>>

They all knelt down and called him “Your Majesty”.

Wang Dian clenched the wine bottle in his hand and shouted at them to rise on their feet.

At the start, it was still okay to be called the emperor. Unexpectedly, as soon as he entered the bedchamber, he saw a man who looked exactly like himself.

"I didn't know there was such a strange thing in this world." The man raised his eyebrows and smiled.

I originally wanted to go up to the Ninth Heaven to embrace the bright moon, but I didn't expect you to lie drunk on top of the clouds.

-A palace love story of a modern version overbearing president
and an ancient version overbearing president.

-Author: They look exactly the same. <<less

After signing the share transfer of the Bai company, Bai Weiwei who had a cong**ital heart disease got betrayed by her adopted sister she always loved along with her trusted bodyguard.... more>>

Shocked, betrayed, and worried for her father made her unwilling to die, and her resentment actually let her bind with a quick transmigration system. Completing the task means that she will be able to increase the number of days she can live, and she will be able to get revenge on her white lotus sister and the unconscionable bastard bodyguard.

CEO, Emperor, General… Supreme Immortal? All of them will turn to a love-sick waste who bowed before her skirt.

Just… why is this unlucky star of a wooden fiancee trying so hard to chase her? Stop sucking my life force already! Our marriage is only for business! I want to break the engagement!

Ye Yuxuan: “I will never let go of you.”

Bai Weiwei: ".............." <<less

Before the disfigurement, everyone loved Ling Chunan. After the disfigurement, Ling Chunan became a plague that everyone avoided. He was held on captive by his own agent afterwards because he was so ugly now, desecrating his love. Finally, Ling Chunan chewed himself to death because he was starving. After his death, a thing that claimed to be the counterattack system 098 found him.... more>>

A long time after, a certain counterattack system of a host with a 100% success rate posted a message in the System Forums.

《Emergency Help Request, my host is a masochist! He won’t be happy if every meal doesn’t have meat, and if he doesn’t have meat to eat, he will start to gnaw himself! How to treat this illness?!》

Great God : No need. I have a fast recovering ability. I will let him bite me. <<less

I became a maid in a book, and the family I served died after three years. Others who possessed people who ran wild were killed one after another by the protagonist and the villain no matter what.... more>>

In order to survive, I became the dog of the villain and longed for the day to escape, but…

“Do you want to run away from me like that? If you cut off your feet, I’ll allow you to crawl out of here.”

Stunned, I looked at him.

No, let’s think positively. It’s a great opportunity to just give two feet to that madman and run away. <<less

Yaya died.... more>>

She committed su*cide.

This person, with whom he had no blood relation – whom he’d called ‘elder sister’ for many years, was all too suddenly gone. She left him not just a considerable sum of inheritance, but also a child.

That year he was only 19 years old, still a child himself, and yet all of a sudden was in charge of the welfare of a 15 year old youth.

This child was not bothersome, he had none of the impatience nor rebelliousness characteristics of a typical adolescent.

He had an extremely high IQ, paired with a stability and maturity far exceeding his physical age.

Be it daily living or academics, he didn’t have to worry at all with the boy. He was able to manage everything on his own.

But the more he got to know the boy, the more he realized how frightening this child’s many intentions were.

He wanted to change his mind, could he just take the money and leave the person behind? <<less

After being bound to the ‘Mentor System’, Yu Tong turned into a little white cat.... more>>

The system asked him to be the villain’s teacher and raise the villain to be an upright, kind-hearted, ray of sunshine.

Looking down at his pink cat paws, Yu Tong fell into deep thought.

Yu Tong: Don’t you think this is a bit unreasonable?

System: [Not a huge issue]

Yu Tong: ???

————

First World: The Hypocrite and his Little White Cat

Yun Mingchen is the heir to the Yun family. He is the best among the younger generation in both cultural and cultivation classes.

Until one day, his first place position in the school was snatched away by a penniless, broke boy.

His only friend became the broke boy’s follower.

His lovely sister became the broke boy’s girlfriend.

Jealousy made Yun Mingchen become increasingly twisted, and he decided to get rid of the broke boy and get his life back on track.

On the way to find trouble, he collided with a tiny kitten.

Yun Mingchen: Go away.

Yu Tong: Your kick hurts! Care for me, raise me, pet me, otherwise I won’t get up.

Yun Mingchen: ……

– {Mutual first love, 1v1, HE} –

Worlds:
1st World – The Hypocrite and his Little White Cat
2nd World – The Priest and His Little Yellow Chicken
3rd World – The Mute and His Little White Rabbit
4th World – The Pirate Captain and His Little Puppy
5th World – Yu Tong’s World (Note: The protagonist in this world is not a small animal) <<less

County Libelois suffered an astronomical compensation due to the successor’s mistake.... more>>

On behalf of the older brother who could not pay the compensation, Anne leaves for the North as she was pushed by her family and becomes the Grand Duchess.

But the Grand Duke Daymond Cromund, whom she met there, was not as old as the rumors suggested, and was somewhat secretive…

“If I give birth to an heir, please let me leave.”

“So arrogant. If you want a child, you would have to take my seed every day.”

For a moment, Anne almost screamed, reassured by the Grand Duke’s appearance, who willingly accepted her proposal.

Every time he held her, his face was filled with anger.

Daymond held her sadistically as the nights went by.

Anne was confused by the sight of the Grand Duke, who was constantly holding her while enduring his anger.

Did she spit out a forbidden word? <<less

Possessing a traitor’s daughter, I became the male lead’s pet in exchange for sparing my life.... more>>

“Come here to the bed. We have to sleep together. You’re my pet.”

He talked drowsily, but the look on his ruby-red eyes made me doubt him.

To live, I had no choice but to behave.

Then I realized.

I didn’t lift any finger here, but three delicious meals a day were always being served, and no one dared to touch me because of the male lead, a tyrant.

‘…Is this where my life goes downhill?’

He became more friendly, so it was time for the original work to begin.

I told him that it might be my time to leave… but his reaction was strange.

“You tamed me, and yet you’re going to abandon me?”

There was a terrible obsession in his red eyes.

Will Mia be able to survive? Or will things take an unexpected turn? <<less

In the modern era, the wealthy CEO Feng Xiran suddenly died, leaving behind billions without the chance to enjoy them. After a sudden transmigration, she finds herself in a matriarchal society as the unique imperial princess, Feng Xiran, the heir to the throne. ... more>>

Living a luxurious life with numerous handsome men at her disposal, she plans to lay back and enjoy, but her relaxation was cut short when she triggered the Guardian System.

System: [Ding! To change the fate of the matriarchal country's destruction in 5 years, please accept the system's mission arrangements, complete the tasks to trigger rewards, protect the nation, ensure peace and prosperity, and live a wealthy life.]

In the court;

"Your Majesty, there's a severe flood disaster in the southeast."

While Empress Tianfeng was contemplating countermeasures, Feng Xiran, who initially wanted to slack off after receiving the task, was shocked silly and reluctantly volunteered, "Your Majesty, I'll go."

The courtiers were surprised; has this extravagant Crown Princess transformed today?

"Your Majesty, there's a report from the northwest..."

Upon returning, without even a chance to drink water, Feng Xiran raised her trembling hand again, "Your Majesty, I'll go!"

Courtiers rejoice and wipe their tears; our great Tianfeng has a successor!

Later, Feng Xiran started to find joy and meaning in carrying out tasks.

[Ding! The host has completed the rat plague prevention and control, rewarding a manual on gunpowder manufacturing!]

[Ding! The host has completed the cotton planting mission, rewarding...] <<less

Devoted loyal little wolf-dog bottom vs. cunning and powerful pitiful antagonist boss top.... more>>

Since the day Mo Yi became aware of himself, he has been deemed ominous, not even worthy of having a name. Growing up amidst insults and scorn, he endured humiliation and torment. From compromise to harboring resentment, this cold world offered him no warmth. Eventually, unable to bear it any longer, he chose to self-destruct, intending to take everyone who trampled on him down with him, only to discover it wasn’t the end.

Waking up in a completely new world, he was approached by a system, tasked with changing the fate of miserable villain in small worlds. Initially indifferent, memories lost in his mind began to awaken. In those memories, a warm embrace held him close. The person said, ‘Isn’t Mo Yi a good name for you? The “Yi” in your name means peace.’

He finally had a name of his own. His world gained warmth. Upon realizing that the person was the so-called villain, Mo Yi started traversing countless small worlds, all in search of his existence. <<less

I possessed a supporting character sacrificed to the obsessive main lead in an R-rated BL novel. I became the emperor's daughter with an abundance of queenly qualities.... more>>

"Yvonne, this is your birthday present."

Before even attempting to escape the fate of being sacrificed to the obsessive main lead, the emperor planted dead flags as birthday gifts. And not just one but two.

"Your father went through all this trouble; surely, you won't fail to awaken, right?"

Either failing to awaken and dying at the hands of her adopted father.

"What do you think I'll do first if I leave this place?"

As in the original story, she is killed by Duke Leonhardt, a obsessed maniac who was kidnapped.
Either way, I don't want to die!

To survive, I planned to escape the palace. Simultaneously, I did my best to treat Duke Leonhardt well.

Before parting, he expressed gratitude to me, and we promised to meet again with smiles.

That was clear!

"When we meet again, I told you it would be your turn this time."
"You're not going anywhere now, Yvonne. Not if I don't let you."

This seems totally messed up…

I'm pretty sure the Duke Leonhard is obsessed with me.
I know you're obsessed, but he's wrong! <<less

Tae Seong-jae… he’ll take me home.... more>>

One day, ‘I’ transmigrated into the character Seo Seung-won in a BL novel given to me by my little sister without warning. As a result of transmigration, I frequently experience nosebleeds and hemoptysis, as well as other forms of pain. Since I realized that the calmer I was, the less pain I felt, so I desperately tried to empty my thoughts and maintain my composure, but I couldn’t stand it when the original memory of “me” faded away day by day. However, in order to escape from this terrible place and return to reality, ‘I’ aim at the end of the novel and do not lose hope. Following the plot of the novel, I become the lover of ‘Tae Seong-je’, get abandoned, and attempt s**c*de. For the sake of getting back home. <<less

As an alluring beauty, the Ninth Prince Qi Changyi inherited his mother’s looks, but was unfortunately a bit s*upid. Not only did he live in fear, even within palace walls, but he also merely lived as a substitute in his beloved’s eyes. Then, while being used and tormented, his delicate, pure heart finally burned to ashes.... more>>

Pei Zheng was the Prime Minister of the Imperial Court, a man of great status; he gained it all through the most ruthless methods. He was known for his cruel nature, but gradually, he became close to the unfavored ninth prince.

“Your Highness, just now, at court, who were you looking at? Huh?” Pei Zheng squeezed the small man’s delicate little chin.

Qi Changyi’s eyes were misty with tears of pain, “I, I wasn’t.”

“Stop trying to seduce others.” Pei Zheng’s voice was frigid. “Otherwise, I’ll make sure that General Zhao, for whom you pine, dies on the battlefield!”

He thought he had a firm grip on this little fool, but he could’ve never imagined that one day, this little fool would leave his side carrying a broken heart.

“Brother Pei, I’m leaving now, you should be happy.”

With scarlet eyes and a heart burning with obsession, he searched everywhere, but found no trace of him.

“I won’t, without you, I’ll never be happy again. Your Highness, where should I go, how can I bring you home?” <<less

Seira was divorced.... more>>

It had been eight years since she became the fiancee of the Crown Prince Calrad Lowell Viseltium. Will she live as a Duchess with nothing but pride, or will she abandon her family and live with the Crown Prince? Seira had to choose.

Tossed to the cold, but steadfastly survived. By grinding her teeth, she grew stronger and protected her family and her father's name. But still, one step ahead seemed like a cliff towards doom. The dead land was barren and there was nothing to hold on to.

Men reached out towards her. Whose hand should she choose to hold? Or should she not catch any of it?

“For now, just focus on me. Otherwise, you will regret it.” - Baron Jeff.

“Even if my kindness is fake, what does it have to do with you?” - Louis Franto

“I will not grant you freedom now.” - Calrad Lowell Viseltium

“You can have me whenever you want.” - Aven Helford

Black flowers that swallowed despair bloom all over the continent, and greed like hunger blooms at the very heart of Viseltium. <<less

“In the Romance White Book, entry 107 states, 'Every romance leaves its trace.'"... more>>

Height 183, weight 72, CSAT score 485, ability 0.

Those were the familiar, adequate, and ordinary numbers that described myself, now twenty years old.

I was accepted into a university well above my grade level as an extra. However, when I went to the bank to pay my tuition, I met a man who called me an ability user. An ability user who was immune to abilities. I scored a flat 0% in every category of the ability test, can’t even bend a spoon, and possess no combat skills whatsoever, though?

I didn’t know what use my ability would be in the military, but I became affiliated with the ability user group, S.E. Jung Haekyung, the one who dragged me into S.E., was the only one who reached out their hand to me, someone who was suddenly dragged to an unfamiliar place and treated unfairly.

Haekyung was as beautiful, strong, and kind as ever, but… the more time we spent together, the more something seemed… <<less

In a desperate bid to evade a demon hunter, Ravi, a succubus, finds herself s**ked into a novel. Of all the genres, she ends up in a BL novel! ... more>>

Outside, men line up just to catch her gaze, but in the novel, she’s treated coldly like yesterday’s rice.

Despite disguising herself as a man, the characters instinctively sense her true nature as a woman and reject her advances. Six months of this, and she’s on the verge of starving to death from lack of regular meals.

Someone, anyone, please fall for me…!

With an open mind like never before, she decides to spend the night with a nerdy man she meets at a bar.

…Why are you here?

The man who appears before her after removing his glasses is none other than… the demon hunter she’s been desperately trying to avoid?!

‘I can’t die like this!’

The succubus encounters the hunter in a dead-end situation.

Predator and prey. Demon hunter and succubus.

At the heart of this eternally parallel relationship, what choice will she make in order to survive? <<less

Tao Ti, a little taotie* cub, transmigrated and became the bride of the sickly crown prince who was meant to chase out his ill fortune, but ended up committing su*cide by ingesting poison. ... more>>

Met by the disgusted gazes of everyone in the Eastern Palace, Tao Ti was a little flustered.

Just then, the crown prince who was rumoured to soon die from illness comforted her, “Don’t be scared, I’ll give you a letter of annulment before I die, and return you your freedom.”

Tao Ti was stunned, “A-alright.”

Inwardly, she thought, “A gentle and beautiful man; I’m fine with this!!!”

Later——

When the crown prince was ridiculed, Tao Ti rolled up her sleeves to defend him.

When the crown prince was sick with a high fever, Tao Ti boiled the medicine herself.

When the crown prince’s appetite was poor, Tao Ti cooked, fried, steamed, and baked.

Everyone in the Eastern Palace: Safeguard the best crown princess in the world!

~

The prince of the outlying tribe was muscular and bold; he planned to abduct Taoti to the grasslands once the crown prince died.

The crown prince broke the prince’s leg, then, in the middle of the night, blocked Tao Ti.

Tao Ti’s voice trembled, “Your… Your Highness?”

The crown prince’s eyes were dark, and his smile was warm. “If I had known that you liked wild ones, I would’ve stopped pretending.”

*T/N: Taotie are ancient Chinese mythological creatures with an insatiable appetite, commonly emblazoned on bronze vessels. It’s now used as a term to describe gluttonous people. Written as 饕餮, it’s pronounced ‘Tao Ti’ in Chinese, which happens to be a homonym of the FL’s name, 陶缇 (Tao Ti). <<less

‘It would be better to be reborn in the world of a novel.’... more>>

Was it wrong to make such a crazy wish when I was exhausted from overwork? I was truly reborn through the fantasy novel , which I had read before. An ordinary lady with a wonderful older sister, a cute younger brother, and a kind childhood friend wants only one thing.

If possible, I just wanted to see my favorite character in real life at least once.

“Marry me, Lady Devlanc.”

A duel between the crazy villain who has tormented the main character for over a thousand episodes. No, I sent a marriage application.

“If you don’t like it, push it away. “It’s okay if you kick me.” “Other than eating, there are other things I want to eat.”

The sight of my favorite character, who has become so infatuated with me, feels so unfamiliar to me.

“Didn’t you say you like me?”

I like him, I really like him, but I didn’t want to meet him like this. The turbulent newlywed life of Lady Freesia, who unexpectedly falls for the world. <<less

Upon waking up one morning, Lin Qingyang found himself transformed into a scum cannon fodder in the world of a tyrant novel! In the original story, the cannon fodder, due to coveting the male lead’s beauty, used schemes to force him into becoming a male concubine when he was forced to hide his identity. In doing so, the cannon fodder crushed the last shred of humanity in the male lead. The ending for the cannon fodder was predictable.... more>>

Now, Lin Qingyang, watching the future tyrant already bound the upper body with arms tied behind the back and rope looped around the neck, felt as if he was witnessing his own impending torture.

Lin Qingyang: ... Perhaps I can still cling on to life.

From then on, amidst conspiracies, battles, and dangerous situations, Lin Qingyang became a constant presence by the future tyrant Chu Lishu's side. He became the only one willing to protect him with his life, never to betray him.
　　　
After reclaiming the throne, and seeing Lin Qingyang's 'wholehearted devotion,' Chu Lishu decided to endure personal discomfort to not disappoint his beloved. His ears turned crimson, and in a hoarse voice, he said, "Whatever you want... I'll agree to all of them."

Excited, Lin Qingyang thought to himself: Gold, fertile land, beauties, and the freedom to travel and enjoy life.

Not long after, Lin Qingyang, riding in a luxurious carriage laden with gold and beauties, found himself surrounded by a large army, unable to move even a step forward.

A figure in bright yellow leaped into the carriage, driving away other people and leaving only Lin Qingyang behind.

Watching Chu Lishu's increasingly fierce and ruthless gaze, gradually turning red, and seemingly covered with a layer of watery light, Lin Qingyang felt that something was amiss. The voice of the tyrant was hoarse, aggrieved, yet tinged with a stubborn madness.

"Traveling? You can only go with me, otherwise, don't even think about taking a step anywhere!"

On that day, surrounded by the army, they waited for a long time before the carriage slowly returned to the palace.

The next day, an imperial edict was issued, announcing the emperor's empress.

Having just been woken up, Lin Qingyang supported his almost broken waist, looking at the imperial edict. Can he still be saved if he runs away now?

PS: The couple (CP) has no blood relation or legal kinship. <<less